Substance Abuse Professionals (SAPs) are licensed or  certified professionals that have knowledge not only of the diagnosis  and treatment of alcohol and controlled substances related disorders,  but also of DOT drug and alcohol testing and return-to-duty processes as  required by §40.281. A DOT-qualified SAP initially evaluates CDL drivers  who have violated DOT drug and alcohol regulations and makes  recommendations concerning education, treatment, follow-up testing, and  aftercare. Once the education and/or treatment is successfully  completed, the SAP reassesses the driver’s condition and, if satisfied  with the driver’s compliance, completes a SAP report and prescribes a  series of follow-up tests covering a period of one to five years. Any  motor carrier employing this driver during the prescribed period must  complete the follow-up testing as specified by the SAP.